L'Unedic, l'organisme chargé de l'indemnisation des chômeurs, a publié, mardi 30 avril, une vaste étude détaillant le profil des quelque 2,5 millions de personnes indemnisées en 2011. En moyenne, les chômeurs touchent à hauteur de 1 055 euros nets par mois, ce qui représente 69 % de leur salaire net antérieur. Un taux qui augmente pour ceux qui avaient des revenus antérieurs plus faibles que la moyenne. Ainsi, ceux qui percevaient le smic sont indemnisés à hauteur de 78 % de ce salaire minimum.
Lire le décryptage Seniors, plans sociaux, radiations... les chiffres du chômage à la loupe
- La fin d'un CDD mène au chômage
En ces temps de crise, les projecteurs sont braqués sur les entreprises qui ferment. Or, les personnes arrivant au chômage après un licenciement économique ne représentent que 10 % de ceux qui sont indemnisés par l'Unedic. Le gros des troupes (38,7 %) est constitué de travailleurs dont le contrat à durée déterminée a pris fin. Cette proportion atteint quasiment les deux tiers (61,1 %) si l'on ne considère que les chômeurs âgés de moins de 25 ans, auxquels il faut ajouter les 15,6 % de jeunes qui pointent au chômage après la fin d'une mission d'intérim.
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style="font-family:Arial;font-size:16px;color:#16212c;fill:#16212c;" text-anchor="middle" x="267" y="25"><tspan x="267">Causes du chômage des allocataires</tspan></text><g class="highcharts-data-labels highcharts-tracker" style="" transform="translate(81,40) scale(1 1)" visibility="visible"><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(69,84)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">10.8</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(16,209)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">2.4</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(61,335)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans 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transform="translate(42,428)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">6.5</tspan></text></g></g><g class="highcharts-data-labels highcharts-tracker" style="" transform="translate(81,40) scale(1 1)" visibility="visible"><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(14,41)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">2.2</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(8,166)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">1.1</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(18,292)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">2.8</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(9,417)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">1.3</tspan></text></g></g><g class="highcharts-data-labels highcharts-tracker" style="" transform="translate(81,40) scale(1 1)" visibility="visible"><g style="cursor:default;" transform="translate(73,30)" visibility="inherit"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" x="3" y="15"><tspan x="3">11.4</tspan></text></g><g style="cursor:default;" 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CDD</tspan></text><rect fill="#8bbc21" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(8,63)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Fin de mission d'intérim</tspan></text><rect fill="#910000" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(8,83)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Départ volontaire</tspan></text><rect fill="#1aadce" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(8,103)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Rupture conventionnelle</tspan></text><rect fill="#492970" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(8,123)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Autre cause</tspan></text><rect fill="#f28f43" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g></g></g></g><g class="highcharts-axis-labels"><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:202px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="73" y="106.35"><tspan x="73">Pop. totale</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:202px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="73" y="231.85"><tspan x="73">-de 25 ans</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:202px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="73" y="357.35"><tspan x="73">25 à 49 ans</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:202px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="73" y="482.85"><tspan x="73">+de 50 ans</tspan></text></g><g class="highcharts-axis-labels"><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="84.78125" y="556"><tspan x="84.78125">0</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="144.28571428571428" y="556"><tspan x="144.28571428571428">10</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="207.57142857142856" y="556"><tspan x="207.57142857142856">20</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="270.8571428571429" y="556"><tspan x="270.8571428571429">30</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="334.1428571428571" y="556"><tspan x="334.1428571428571">40</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="397.4285714285714" y="556"><tspan x="397.4285714285714">50</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="460.7142857142857" y="556"><tspan x="460.7142857142857">60</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="516.892578125" y="556"><tspan x="516.892578125">70</tspan></text></g><g class="highcharts-tooltip" style="cursor:default;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;" visibility="hidden"><rect fill="none" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" stroke="black" stroke-opacity="0.049999999999999996" stroke-width="5" transform="translate(1, 1)" width="16" x="0.5" y="0.5"></rect><rect fill="none" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" stroke="black" stroke-opacity="0.09999999999999999" stroke-width="3" transform="translate(1, 1)" width="16" x="0.5" y="0.5"></rect><rect fill="none" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" stroke="black" stroke-opacity="0.15" stroke-width="1" transform="translate(1, 1)" width="16" x="0.5" y="0.5"></rect><rect fill="rgb(255,255,255)" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" width="16" x="0.5" y="0.5"></rect><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:#333333;fill:#333333;" x="8" y="21"></text></g></svg>
- La rupture conventionnelle
Autre enseignement de l'étude : plus d'un chômeur indemnisé par l'assurance chômage sur dix a conclu une rupture conventionnelle avec son employeur. Il s'agit d'une procédure mise en place en 2008 autorisant employeur et employé en CDI à se séparer à l'amiable, en négociant une indemnité.
Ces ruptures conventionnelles n'ont concerné que 4,7 % des chômeurs de moins de 25 ans. Ce qui est parfaitement logique dans la mesure où les jeunes sont moins enclins que leurs aînés à décrocher un CDI.
Depuis qu'elle est en vigueur, la rupture conventionnelle connaît un certain succès que cette étude confirme. Mais cette dernière ne précise pas s'il s'agit d'un réelle rupture négociée ou d'un licenciement déguisé.
Lire : La rupture conventionnelle : flexibilité ou licenciement déguisé ?
Lire : Ces salariés contraints d'accepter une rupture conventionnelle
- La moitié des chômeurs indemnisés n'a pas le bac
Selon cette étude, plus de la moitié (55,2 %) des chômeurs ont un niveau inférieur au bac. Parmi ceux-là, ce sont les non-diplômés de plus de 50 ans qui sont le plus représentés – ils sont 69,7 % de cette catégorie.
Globalement, les diplômés ne représentent qu'une mince proportion des chômeurs indemnisés.
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sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Bac</tspan></text><rect fill="#8bbc21" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(227.375,3)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Bac+2</tspan></text><rect fill="#910000" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g class="highcharts-legend-item" transform="translate(293.1875,3)"><text style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;color:#274b6d;fill:#274b6d;" text-anchor="start" x="21" y="15"><tspan x="21">Bac+3/Bac+4</tspan></text><rect fill="#1aadce" height="12" rx="2" ry="2" width="16" x="0" y="4"></rect></g><g 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ans</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:101px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="342.125" y="540"><tspan x="342.125">30-49 ans</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:101px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="middle" x="463.375" y="540"><tspan x="463.375">+50 ans</tspan></text></g><g class="highcharts-axis-labels"><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="529.6"><tspan x="31">0</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="481"><tspan x="31">10</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="432.40000000000003"><tspan x="31">20</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="383.8"><tspan x="31">30</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="335.20000000000005"><tspan x="31">40</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="286.6"><tspan x="31">50</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="237.99999999999997"><tspan x="31">60</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="189.39999999999995"><tspan x="31">70</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="140.79999999999998"><tspan x="31">80</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="92.19999999999996"><tspan x="31">90</tspan></text><text opacity="1" style="font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;width:223px;color:#666;cursor:default;line-height:14px;fill:#666;" text-anchor="end" x="31" y="43.599999999999945"><tspan x="31">100</tspan></text></g><g class="highcharts-tooltip" style="cursor:default;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;" visibility="hidden"><rect fill="none" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" stroke="black" stroke-opacity="0.049999999999999996" stroke-width="5" transform="translate(1, 1)" width="16" x="0.5" y="0.5"></rect><rect fill="none" fill-opacity="0.85" height="16" rx="3" ry="3" 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